Editor’s note: This article was originally written by Julie Pelegrin and posted on February 6, 2014.  This version has been edited and updated for this publication.

With the 2026 legislative session rapidly approaching, it seems like a good time for a short overview of the more important committee procedural rules to help guide you through committee hearings. Except as specifically noted, the procedures described below apply to House and Senate committees.

Committee Quorum:
House Rule 25(i)(1) and (j)(10)
Senate Rule 22(b) and (n)
A quorum for a committee of reference in both the House and the Senate is a majority of the committee membership. A committee cannot take action on a bill or any other legislative matter unless a quorum is present. Passage of a bill, resolution, amendment, or motion requires approval of a majority of a quorum or a majority of those present and voting, whichever is greater.

Committee Meetings and Consideration of Bills:
House Rules 25(j)(1), (j)(1.5), (j)(6), and (j)(7)
Senate Rules 22(a), (e)(1), (i), and (j)
The responsibility for organizing and managing committee hearings lies mainly with the committee chair, but the chair of a House committee can delegate any duty or responsibility to the vice-chair of the committee. The committee rules include the following:

Time and Place of Committee Hearings
Each committee must meet at the times and places specified in the committee schedule, but a chair can cancel a meeting by announcing the cancellation while the House or the Senate, whichever applies, is actually in session and before the meeting. In the Senate, if a committee is scheduled to meet upon adjournment, it will meet within 15 minutes after the Senate adjourns or recesses.

Special Meetings
A House committee may hold a special committee meeting on another day or at another place or time so long as the chair announces the meeting as much in advance as possible and while the House is actually in session. Generally, a Senate committee may hold a special meeting only on the committee’s regularly scheduled meeting day. The chair must announce the special meeting 24 hours in advance and while the Senate is actually in session. There is an exception during the last two weeks of session, or at any time with the President’s permission, that allows a Senate committee chair to call a special meeting on a different day by announcing the meeting as much in advance as possible and while the Senate is actually in session.

Every Bill Must Get a Hearing and a Vote
Every bill that is assigned to a House committee must receive a hearing, consideration, and a vote on the merits at a scheduled committee meeting no later than the deadline for passage of bills out of committee. Although the Senate rules do not include this specific requirement, article V, section 20 of the Colorado Constitution (commonly referred to as the “GAVEL Amendment”) requires that each measure assigned to a committee of reference receive consideration and a vote on the merits within appropriate deadlines.

Order of Business
The committee chair sets the calendar for each meeting. But if a chair holds a bill for seven or more days without calendaring it, the committee members can force the chair to schedule the bill. A majority of the members of a Senate committee can simply request, at a regularly scheduled committee hearing, that the bill be scheduled for hearing. House committee members must submit to the chair at a regularly scheduled committee hearing a petition signed by at least two-thirds of the committee members. A House committee member can also force a hearing on a bill by making a motion to refer the bill to the committee of the whole when the bill is not on the committee’s calendar. This is often referred to as a “super motion.” When a “super motion” is made, the committee must consider the bill on its merits, and if the motion to refer to the committee of the whole doesn’t pass, the bill is still pending before the committee for action. There is no “super motion” in the Senate.

Chair’s Authority
During a House committee meeting, the chair may limit testimony and discussion on a measure to the amount that the chair thinks is adequate to enable the committee to consider the measure on its merits. The House committee chair may actually exclude testimony or discussion that is repetitious or irrelevant. Additionally, a House committee chair may ask a sergeant-at-arms to remove any person who disrupts the proceedings or endangers any person at a committee hearing.

Although the Senate rules do not directly address the powers of the committee chair to control procedures within a committee hearing, Mason’s Manual of Legislative Procedure, the source for parliamentary procedures in the Senate, supports the authority of the Senate committee chair to maintain order and decide all questions of order in committee hearings.

Motions, Voting, and Attendance
Only committee members can make motions, and, in the House, each motion must receive a second to be debated. Each committee member, including the committee chair, must vote on every motion that comes before the committee, unless the committee member has an immediate personal or financial interest in the bill. But the committee chair does not vote twice to break a tie vote. If a committee member misses three consecutive scheduled committee meetings without being excused, the chair must report the member’s absence to the floor leader of the member’s party.

Final Committee Action:
House Rule 25(j)(3) and (j)(9)
Senate Rule 22(f) and (m)
A committee must take a recorded, roll call vote to take action on proposed amendments if at least one committee member objects to the amendment and to take final action on a bill. All recorded votes are available for public inspection.

A committee takes final action on a bill by reporting the bill out of committee, with or without amendments, for consideration by the committee of the whole; referring the bill to another committee of reference, with or without amendments; or postponing the bill indefinitely. In reporting a bill for consideration by the committee of the whole, a Senate committee may recommend that the bill be placed on the consent calendar. A motion to postpone consideration of a bill for more than 30 days or until a date that’s later than the date for adjournment sine die is considered a motion to postpone indefinitely. A bill is also considered postponed indefinitely if a motion for final action on the bill dies on a tie vote, the deadline to report bills out of committee passes, and the bill doesn’t get delayed status.

Reconsideration:
House Rule 35(e) and (f)
Senate Rule 18(e), (f), and (g)
After a committee has decided a question, including taking final action on a bill, a member who voted on the prevailing side may move to reconsider the question. The procedures for reconsideration vary significantly between the House and the Senate.

In the House, if a motion for final action on a bill dies on a tie vote, the committee doesn’t actually make a decision, so the bill is still before the committee and subject to any further motions without the need to reconsider. But, if the motion does not concern final action on the bill and the motion dies on a tie vote, a member who votes “no” is considered to have voted on the prevailing side and may move to reconsider the committee’s decision. A motion to reconsider in committee requires the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the committee members, except in the last ten days of session during which it requires only a majority vote. A member must make the motion to reconsider at the same meeting at which the decision is made or at the next committee meeting. But a motion to reconsider the decision is not in order if the committee report that includes the decision has already been signed by the committee chair and delivered to the Chief Clerk of the House. Also in a House committee, a member cannot give notice of intent to reconsider the decision at the next committee meeting.

In the Senate, if a motion on a bill dies on a tie vote, a member who votes “no” is considered to have voted on the prevailing side and may move to reconsider the committee’s decision. A motion to reconsider in a Senate committee requires approval by a simple majority vote. At the same meeting at which the committee makes the decision or at the next meeting, a member can make the motion to reconsider.  But the committee cannot reconsider the decision after the committee report that includes the decision is signed by the committee chair and delivered to the Secretary of the Senate. A member may also give notice of intent to reconsider at the next meeting, unless the next meeting is after the committee passage deadline and the bill does not have delayed status. If the member who gives notice does not move to reconsider at the next committee meeting, the notice is considered withdrawn.